Established in 1991, these tax incentives allow households to deduct from their taxes half of their spending on home care services in a ceiling. This system was completed in 2007 by a tax credit for tax-free households, with half the money spent now repaid them without the income tax is a limit.Thus, a household spends 2,000 euros per year in-home services and pay (before deduction of tax benefit) 500 euros tax can now get 1000 euros, against 500 before.

Result, "said resort" home care services took off in twenty years. It doubled between 1996 and 2008 from 6 unsecured personal loans.4% to 12.8% of households. "This development reflects both supported the regularization of undeclared work and employment creation, because of better solvency of households," says INSEE.The institute estimated that between 85,000 and 300,000 the number of households that have used more, thanks to fiscal measures, such services.

Tax Credit

The only tax cut would have enabled the creation, between 1991 and 2007, from 12,000 to 43,000 full-time equivalent jobs "at an annual cost per job created between 23,000 and 85,000 euros."

The tax credit, introduced in 2007 for households not taxable, would have in turn fostered the creation of 4,000 to 14,000 jobs, an annual cost of between 9,000 and 28,000 euros per job. This new provision is only in the end only 2% of the overall cost of the tax benefit (122 million) from the simple fact that users are low-income households, rather young, and therefore little use to home care services.

By choosing an annual subscriptions range from 29.90 euros to 99 euros, we can no longer ignore a stamp of Mauritius, "a penny vermilion," only two copies known to the world, worth 1.6 million euros (due to an error in color) or stamps printed in France before 1900 are still popular: "1 f.vermilion "to 90,000 euros is a safe bet.

"The rarity value is"

This world premiere is an unexpected encounter between two worlds less distant than it seems. "Before the Internet and television, the tone was a real openness to the world, says Christopher Yvert, CEO of Yvert & Tellier. After dinner, we found a family to sort, dream, learn. "Through the Internet, Yvert & Tellier, who will not abandon its print editions, intends to develop in distant countries. A growth driver for the SMEs to forty employees (8 million euros of turnover) which has invested about 100 000 euros in the operation instant credit report. "Simply subscribe to view, says Christophe Yvert. This is an advantage for philatelists distant Asia or South America and North. "

Surprise, even today, despite the Internet, 15,000 collectible stamps are published each year worldwide. "The more a country is small, unless the mail is working, and he is tempted to print, says the heir to a dynasty of six generations. For these states, the stamp is a promotional tool and a source of income. "France and its two million collectors is no exception: in 2010, the French post office has printed 220 new. It passed 600 million stamps (Miscellaneous) collection of a total of 3 billion stamps sold annually.

But do not expect to make a fortune with recent issues. "Scarcity is the value, says Christophe Yvert. The advantage of the Internet, but also to create a network of friends in the world, seeking to complete the same series you. "Note that a limited edition of requested specialized services of La Poste to share the birth of a child is not synonymous with wealth, because it will not be sought after by collectors.

Monday evening, the finance ministers of the Eurogroup announced after their meeting that they see "in October," the decision on the next tranche of 8 billion euros to Greece. Europe is planning to review the private sector in the second aid plan and is considering increasing the relief fund for indebted countries (EFSF).Finance Ministers have also agreed on the granting of collateral in exchange for loans to Greece.

Athens, meanwhile, announced new measures after Sunday warned that the country would not meet its deficit targets required by its creditors.

Oil down

Fears weigh on the euro area also on the European currency. The euro sank below the $ 1.32 in late morning, its lowest level since January against the greenback, carried away in the turmoil of the debt crisis and the postponement of a decision on Greece by the finance ministers of the euro area. Mid-session, the euro bought 1.3184 dollars against 1.3178 dollars late Monday.First thing in the session, he even fell to 1.3146 dollars, its lowest value since January 13.

Oil markets, concerns about the global economy weigh on prices: a barrel of "light sweet crude" for delivery in November lost 1.47% dollar to 76.47 dollars in the morning.

In terms of macroeconomic indicators, investors will pay attention to the publication of industrial producer prices in the euro zone in August expected at least 16 hours. Overseas, industrial orders in the U.S. for August are expected in 16 hours. At the same time, the president of the Federal Reserve, Ben Bernanke, scheduled to speak before a congressional committee on "economic forecasts".

Dexia has announced the sale of its flagship

The entire banking sector will be followed on Tuesday.The board of directors of Dexia (-20.77% to 1.03 euros) announced last night to have initiated a process to solve the structural problems of the group but did not mention track in particular. The Franco-Belgian bank should speed up the sale of its jewels and isolation of its non-performing assets in a "bad bank" quick guaranteed personal loans. His last note was placed on negative watch by Moody's. Deminor insists that the shareholders are consulted before any decision on a plan for the future of Dexia, said the consulting firm to shareholders in an open letter disclosed by Reuters.

For its part, Societe Generale (-3.95% to 18.22 euros) halved its need for long-term financing in 2012, she announced.The French bank will only need 10 to 15 billion euros.

Also in the European banking sector, the first German bank Deutsche Bank has abandoned its goal Tuesday to reach a record operating profit of 10 billion euros this year, but assured that it will profit in the third quarter.

The sugar group Cristal Union will acquire in a friendly group Vermandoise for nearly a billion euros to create the number five European sugar industry, which will be number two in France behind Tereos. Vermandoise group includes two companies listed on NYSE-Euronext Paris, the Society of Sugar Vermandoise (SVS) and the Sugar Company of the Old Pithiviers (SSPLV).The listing of the two securities is suspended.

Stallergènes (-3.63% to 44.81 euros) announced a reorganization of its governance, which will see the arrival of a new executive managing director in early 2012.

GDF Suez (-1.70% to 22.02 euros) has completed the sale of the Rete Gas G6 consortium of infrastructure funds F2i, AXA Private Equity and Enel Distribution. The sale values ​​the distribution assets at an enterprise value of 772 million euros, to 103% of the regulated asset base in 2010, 9.3 times Ebitda and 17.5 times net income. This was announced in June.

Bonduelle (-1.31% to 63.50 euros) reported a sharp drop in its annual net profit by 48% to 30.4 million but expects a rebound in profitability for the year 2011-2012.The food group is also in talks to buy the vegetables Aucy in Russia.

Naturex (-6.88% to 46.02 euros), a specialist in natural ingredients of plant origin, will launch a capital increase of € 49.3 million to fund acquisitions and increase its free float stock.

Group Gorge (9.95% to 6.74 euros) flames just after the announcement of its largest order in the nuclear industry, a contract of 30 million euros in China.

To speed up, EADS is based on solid commercial and industrial positions built by his two spearheads: Airbus and Eurocopter. The European aircraft manufacturer owns 70% of the market for Brazilian civil aviation with 600 units sold and over 250 aircraft to be delivered.Since 1998, Airbus has tripled the size of the fleet in service with his family in 320 has accumulated 350 orders. The company LATAM (after the merger between TAM and LAN) is now in the top five customers of Airbus, while the regional airline TRIP is the world leader in turboprop (propeller) ATR, a subsidiary of EADS and Finmeccanica. Airbus hopes to increase further by assuming the largest share of a market whose needs are estimated at 610 new aircraft by 2020.

A new plant in Itajuba

Eurocopter, meanwhile, was the pioneer group in terms of technology transfer. He is the only helicopter manufacturer in the world to have implemented a comprehensive industrial activity in Brazil. And this, in 1978 by creating a subsidiary, Helibras. Its plant Itajuba (Minas Gerais) will be delivered after that date, 610 helicopter in late 2011.Between 1978 and 2011, Eurocopter's market share jumped from 14 to 53% in Brazil. To cope with this growth, the group plans to open two maintenance workshops in Brasilia and Rio will open this winter and a new plant in the presence of Itajuba Dilma Roussef, the president of the Brazilian Republic.

The new site will assemble including the EC 175 for the Brazilian army. Three years after the signing of a contract to acquire 50 EC 175, accompanied by a transfer of technology, the program aims 50% local value added. To this end, Helibras just doubled the capacity of its engineering center and plans to open a technology institute in association with the University of Itajuba. "Several industrial packages were signed with the Brazilian industry: from the 26th unit, only the cell (note: the body of the helicopter) will be delivered in Marignane," says Louis Welsh.Become the fourth industrial base of Eurocopter, behind France, Germany and Spain, Helibras will have 1100 employees by 2015 against 610 in 2011 (and 290 in 2009).

"EADS has become a Brazilian citizen"

The goal is to build on the expertise of Helibras to launch a new helicopter 100% made in Brazil by 2020. For now, the subsidiary is in line to meet with the EC 225, the civilian version of the EC 725, the growing needs of oil companies, including national oil Petrobras, an offshore market estimated at 60 gear. "With Helibras, EADS became a Brazilian citizen. It is considered a success by the government. Thanks to our ability to offer technology transfer, training of local staff and to adapt our products to our customers' needs, we can also penetrate into the space and defense, "said Louis Welsh.

The time is right because Brazil wants to boost its defense industry and space. Dilma Roussef took last Friday a series of support measures in this direction with the view to learn new skills because there is no question, as in the past, to rely on foreign equipment. The president of Brazil was cited as the first site implementation specifications of the future communications satellite in Brazil. "This satellite will have a hybrid dual mission: to satisfy the needs of the army and bring broadband to areas that do not yet have access," said Jean-Noel Hardy, vice president of sales and marketing in Latin America to Astrium, EADS Space.

The purchase process should be launched by end 2011-early 2012 by the state holding Telebras. Astrium and its subsidiary Equatorial systemas stand ready to respond to build that future satellite.The timetable is tight because Brasilia plans to launch in 2014. "The transfer of technology associated with the contract of 716 million reals (about 360 million euros) to pave the way for a second satellite with a major domestic content in 2019," said Jean-Noel Hardy.

A partnership with Thales not excluded

In the even more sensitive defense and security, Cassidian, a subsidiary of EADS Defence, created in 2010, a joint venture with Odebrecht, a diversified conglomerate that controls the transfer of technology in submarines sold by France. The joint venture's primary mission to respond to future tender for the monitoring of land and sea borders of countries with command centers. "We do not exclude to partner with Thales to win this contract," says Louis Welsh.

It is estimated at 7.5 billion euros over five years.World Cup Soccer in 2014 and the Olympic Games in 2016 as Brazil hosts play a role as a spur to a country recognizes the need to invest heavily in the fight against insecurity. Cassidian who has already won its first contract to equip the federal police secure communications systems, also expects the results of the tenders awarded by the policies of the 26 Brazilian states who want to equip. "This market is estimated at 1 billion euros, and we hope to take at least half," said Christian Gras, President Cassidian Brazil.

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The chosen solution is identical to that adopted by 1 July, when prices for individuals were frozen and prices for businesses increased by 3.2%.

GDF Suez angry

This is not to the liking of GDF Suez, which called for an increase of almost 5%. The gas giant said it would "seize the courts to protect its interests."According to the company, the shortfall of the government's decision is "290 million" in its accounts the second half.

"GDF Suez can only regret the decision of the French Government on regulated tariffs for natural gas because it is not in line with public service contract signed between the state and the company or the laws and regulations concerning the evolution prices of natural gas', denounced the group in a statement."GDF Suez will request that the coverage of costs paid by the group from the suppliers of gas costs have increased recently in the wake of the upward trend of oil prices on which the natural gas price is indexed" he argues.

The competitors of GDF Suez, grouped in the National Association of energy retail operators (anode), had also filed an appeal with the State Council on August 26 to contest the freezing of gas tariffs for households decided government.

But he had promised that there would be no increase until the presidential election. He also asked the Commission for Energy Regulation (CRE) to find a new formula more favorable price to consumers, after a 20% surge in prices.This should be remitted to government in the coming days.

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Enhanced security

Ironically, Apple continues to strengthen security around its new devices to avoid the rustle in the media information about new projects. Thus, in a Guardian blog, it is stated that the latest iPhone are transported in locked boxes and sealed. Almost no one is able to open these packages. And the software itself is protected.The walls that do not, however, resist the doors of bars!

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Operation must! The government will this week attempt to convince the financial markets on its ability to control public finances. François Fillon unveiled late Wednesday afternoon in the presence of Baroin and Valerie Pécresse, the Ministers of Economy and Budget, the new conservation measures for France to retain investor confidence and its " AAA. "

The government enters the final stretch trade-offs. François Fillon and Nicolas Sarkozy meet to sort the list of suggestions made last week by Bercy (and amended by the relevant ministries) and begin to remove some tracks.Then the president and prime minister Wednesday to finalize the measures to adopt.

The government did not release the extent of the plan, but it evokes an effort between 5 and 10 billion, and a trend towards the top. The turn of the screw will break down between savings on public spending and further cuts in tax and social niches.

On this last point, the government does not start from scratch. The measures that were passed in the fall (tax on marriages, on the solar panels, niches plane, etc.). Will yield 2.4 billion in 2012. But we'll have to do much more. There is another month, the government did not request such an effort to households and businesses. He planned to take samples of only 3 billion. With 2.4 billion already in the pipeline, the step to take was minimal.But since the degradation of "AAA" rating from the United States, France finds itself under pressure from the markets. Even if it borrows at low levels (2.74% at ten years), a sign of confidence that it continues to generate, France must do everything to protect his note. For if it were lowered, the state should borrow at higher rates. According to the Court of Auditors, an increase of one point would increase the debt burden of $ 2 billion the first year. To prevent a runaway cost of debt, the government should not deviate from its route.

Increase in the social package

Paris has pledged to reduce its public deficit to 5.7% of GDP in 2011 and 4.6% in 2012. This objective was particularly complicated since the Insee reported zero growth in the second quarter. Bercy forecasts an increase of 2% of GDP in 2011 and 2.25% in 2012 now seem too optimistic.On average, economists expect now on a 1.4% growth next year. However, less growth means less tax revenue and more spending for the state, the social security and local authorities. Without necessarily announcing Wednesday a revised its growth forecasts, the government is obliged, if he wants to keep its deficit targets, to take austerity measures …

Increase in the social package for businesses, new plane and lower overall ceiling of niches, penknife devices ultramarine and real estate … the tracks are not lacking. The government also provides measures for the social security system, not to mention taxing very high incomes as suggested on Wednesday, Maurice Levy, president of Publicis and the Association of Private Enterprises (Afep), in an article in Le Monde ."We need efforts that will be requested to the French are fairly distributed," assured the same day Valerie Pécresse on Europe 1. The measures adopted will be included in budget 2012.

France can she get into the spiral of Greece, where budget cuts exacerbate the recession, which in turn widens the gap? A priori not. This year, increases in taxes, resulting from the measures passed in the fall, reached $ 12 billion. Without destabilizing the country.

Real estate: the cropped Scellier

Before the crisis, Bercy was considering reducing benefits. The pressure is greatest.

• Law Scellier

The niche Scellier reduces its tax by investing in rental real estate. It was expected that the tax reduction equal to 22% of the investment in 2011 reaches 18% in 2012.The reduction could fall to 15%.

• Ready to zero +

There are plans to reintroduce a means test for the loan (PTZ), in order to focus on vulnerable households.

• Capital gains on real estate

The capital gain on the sale of a principal residence will remain tax exempt. For other assets, the gain is taxed at 19%, plus 12.3% social. However, there is a reduction (10% per year after five years in prison) that applies to the capital gain and will disappear for undeveloped land for building. It is also the question of decline (eg 5%) for other goods.Another track: the system of reduction of the gain disappears for the payment of social security contributions.

Niches: plane and down the ceiling

The tax loopholes will undergo a new movement of the plane after the last year which affected 22 devices (Scellier, actions overseas, the tax credit for environmental equipment in the house). The rate of tax reduction was reduced by 10%: a rate of 50% was increased to 45%, a rate of 25% to 22% … The measure, however, has yet to be felt, because the first plane applies to the income tax paid in 2012, sitting on the revenues of 2011. The government planned to meet the plane in 2011 (eg 15%) and pass a new tax on plane sitting on the revenues of 2012.
Widely used devices, such as overseas benefits or tax credits for equipment of the house will still be trimmed.MPs want all the niches are planed. Others will disappear. In addition, the overall ceiling of niches, set at 6% of income over 18,000 euros, will be lowered.

Companies: rising social package

Social package, paid by companies on the profit-sharing and employee savings, should be increased from 6% to 8%. Expected gain: 400 million euros. Since its inception in 2009, the government increased the fee by 2 points every year! Systems loss carry-on prior and subsequent, which limit the corporate tax should be reduced. They benefit primarily to large companies but the government wants to rebalance the tax burden with the small. The carry-back would
limited to one year. And to carry forward losses from the profits would be capped.In Germany, the losses charged can not exceed 60% of the profit. However, the idea of ​​limiting the deductibility of loan interest is difficult to implement.

Tax on very wealthy households

The government pledged in the spring to tax high incomes, and a working group must report its findings in the fall. Two tracks are at this stage on the table to non-deductible from corporate income tax payments "extravagant" or create a new tax paid by very wealthy households. The latter option holds the rope in the government because it has the support of parliamentarians. Gilles Carrez, the rapporteur of the budget UMP
in the Assembly, propose to tax at a rate of 1% or 2% revenues exceeding one million euros per year. But Peter wants Méhaignerie the new tax applies from 150,000 euros to 200,000 euros in annual income for a couple.The lively debates ahead!

Other tracks: capital gains on the hot seat

Gilles Carrez wants the taxation of life insurance is carried over the water each year on their earnings potential, while households are now taxed when withdrawn at a variable rate depending on the length of detention ( 7.5% after eight years). Another idea: adjust the taxation of life insurance, whether it is placed in shares or products without risk. The UMP Jérôme Chartier wants to create an additional ceiling on tax loopholes, reducing to 50% of tax due from the advantage of niches. But Bercy is not favorable. Finally, many parliamentarians call for the removal of reliefs on capital gains from stocks and bonds (third year in excess of five years from 2012).

All weekend, politicians and economists have debated the television studios of the legitimacy of the downgrade of U.S. debt. The subject continued to occupy most of the news on Monday, forcing Barack Obama to step up. In a short statement, Bush blasted credit rating agencies. "The United States still deserve the AAA," Has he said, wanting to be evidence that investors had continued to buy Treasury debt on Monday. Quoting Warren Buffett, the famous investor, as he believes "the United States deserve a quadruple A!."

A political weapon

However, Barack Obama acknowledged that the issue of deficits had become critical and assured that he would make proposals to address them in the coming weeks. He reiterated his commitment to reforming the U.S. tax system, which will require higher taxes for the wealthy, and agreed to amend, at the margin, its reform of social security (Medcare) considered too expensive by many of economists. He also called in turn Silvio Berlusconi, the Italian prime minister, and José Luis Zapatero, Spanish Prime Minister, to discuss the need for coordinated action to avoid a slowdown in the global economy.

Yet Barack Obama, who Monday sought a message of optimism by saying that economic problems "can be solved," has not convinced Wall Street that ended the session by falling 5.55%.U.S. President knows that the degradation of S & P is a political weapon for his opponents. "This degradation is that of the Tea Party, because a minority of people went against the will of the majority of Republicans," has dealt Democratic Senator John Kerry.

Republican side, it was blamed on Barack Obama. "I recognize that there are shortcomings, but they come in large part to the failure of the president to lead the country. The Republicans control only a third of the government, "said Senator John McCain.

The former director of the Federal Reserve, Alan Greenspan, offered his own reading, Sunday on NBC. "It's not a question of assessment of rating agencies. There is zero chance that the United States fall into default (…). What S & P has done is hit a nerve.He faces the pride of America, "he said.

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"The seven keys of the crisis

• Maintenance of imminent G7 finance ministers. Finance ministers of the G7, which includes the U.S., Germany, Japan, France, Canada, Italy and Britain, have stepped up telephone contacts this weekend in order to develop a common strategy to offer.After heavy turbulence in global financial markets, which lost 2,500 billion during the past week, they must reassure investors about the ability and determination of their countries to reduce deficits and public debts. A telephone conference of finance ministers and central bankers to be held Monday, according to Japanese news agency Kyodo. Interviews are tentatively scheduled before the opening of Asian markets (in the night from Sunday to Monday in Europe).

• A G20 focused on the debt. More broadly, the G20, which groups the world's major economies, contacted by telephone Sunday morning to discuss the consequences of the debt crisis on both sides of the Atlantic. Nothing had filtered from the meeting at noon.Only South Korea said that its confidence in the U.S. Treasury had not changed despite the decision of Standard & Poor's. "There will be no change in the policy of foreign exchange reserves of South Korea," said Vice Minister of Finance.

• The ECB will speak Sunday. Among the tracks in the study is a possible intervention by the European Central Bank, which could buy government bonds in Italy and Spain. This intervention is strongly demanded by the markets payday loans. The European Central Bank Thursday reactivated its share repurchase program of sovereign debt in order to calm soaring interest rates in some countries of the euro area, but has so far bought only small amounts of debt and Irish Portuguese, while speculation is focused on Italy and Spain.If the decision to intervene is taken, the ECB and national central banks will begin to redeem the bond markets open Monday. A meeting of governors will be held Sunday to 18 hours.

• Nicolas Sarkozy met with David Cameron on Saturday. The President, who chairs the G7 and G20 met Saturday evening on the phone for thirty minutes of the financial situation with British Prime Minister. The two men "agreed on the importance of working together to monitor the situation closely and keep in touch in the coming days," said a London spokesman for Downing Street, without giving further details. The discussion between the two leaders has focused on his view "the euro area and the lowering of the rating American."

• Barack Obama called on Europeans Friday night.According to the White House, Bush spoke by phone separately with President Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela Merkel about "the latest developments of the crisis in the euro zone" and noted "the importance of [the] implementation "of measures adopted at the summit of the euro area on July 21. The leaders of the eurozone had concerted Friday after finding that the agreement found to cope with the debt crisis had not convinced the markets. If Italy and Spain are at the heart of the turmoil, other countries are also affected such as Belgium.

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LE FIGARO. – What are the main points of this text?

Xavier BERTRAND. – I said I want there to be a before and an after-Mediator. That's why I wanted an ambitious reform and concerted based on three pillars. The first is transparency in conflicts of interest. For it is clear that it is essentially this question that has caused confusion in public opinion after the Mediator by creating a climate of suspicion unbearable. Another important point when there will be questions about a drug, the doubt should benefit patients and not laboratories. Finally, better information for patients is necessary, as well as better information and training for health professionals.

Only sanctions can overcome the conflicts of interest.What are your plans?

The law sets up financial and criminal penalties for violators. Any decision of a proceeding in which a conflict of interest is identified will be void. For laboratories, the penalties can go as far as the marketing ban. All this is particularly chilling.

You know a law can not do everything. How do you proceed?

The law will not be the only element of this overhaul of the system. We must prepare decrees, including the training of health professionals. Thus, the continuing education of physicians should no longer give the feeling of being entirely in the hands of medical representatives. That is why I want this new system is evaluated in two to three years.I do not want to do in half-measures but in radical reform.

The General Inspectorate of Social Affairs called to abolish the profession of pharmaceutical sales. You do not accept this proposal, why?

There is a distinction between promotion and information. It is clear that the existence of the medical as we knew it is over. It is even prohibited individual to the hospital. Physicians will face several health visitor. Funding for the training of doctors must be watertight. Certainly, the pharmaceutical industry will contribute, but not directly as is the case today. It will do so through taxes and royalties, which go through the state and Medicare before being paid back. I want there to be far fewer links between laboratories and physicians in training low fee payday loans.Finally, the Minister of Health should be aware of all the training modules for sales representatives and all the documents they will present to health professionals. This is the French Agency for Safety of Health Products, renamed the "National Security Agency of Medicines and Health Products" (ANSM), who will have control.

The text also plans to make public all contracts with the press, learned societies and patient organizations. This means he the death of the medical press?

This is not to stop there advertising in the newspapers, but we can require that the amounts of payments to be made public.

While France has decided to prohibit the marketing of the Actos diabetes, the European Medicines Agency wants to leave it on the market.What do you do?

We will maintain the suspension of Actos. This medicine will not be back in French pharmacies. With Germany, we call an approach at European level so that our position is respected. If the European Commission sided with the European Medicines Agency and forced us to return the Actos on the market, there will be a showdown. Also, I am convinced that it is necessary to reform the drug in Europe, because I want that one gives more power to national agencies. Laboratories must understand that things have changed.

The Constitutional Council has just approved the text on the compensation fund for victims of the Mediator.To the laboratory Servier is it always the first charge before the health authorities?

Yes! We should not be mistaken about the primary responsibility in this matter: it is the responsibility of laboratory Servier. The compensation requested by the National Compensation Medical (ONIAM) for victims of the Mediator will be increased to a 30% penalty if the laboratory Servier refuses to comply. We were told that with this 30% penalty (in the body of law, the penalty is 15%, Ed) it was an emergency law, the Constitutional Council has given us reason. In addition, I ask Servier to cooperate fully to compensate the victims.

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